MONTREAL–New data from the CDC WONDER database finds deaths from heart attack-related cardiogenic shock (CS) decreased between 1999 and 2020, but deaths linked to heart failure (HF) and abnormal heart rhythms have risen sharply since 2010, particularly among men. Researchers presented the findings today at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2026 Scientific Sessions & Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology/Association Canadienne de cardiologie d’intervention (CAIC-ACCI) Summit in Montreal.

Each year, more than 50,000 Americans experience CS, a critical, life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart dysfunctions, reducing blood flow and oxygen delivery to critical tissues and organs. Ischemic CS is characterized by a sudden, massive failure of the heart, most often after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. Non-ischemic CS is typically triggered by genetics, muscle weakness, infections, or inflammation, often due to congestive HF or arrhythmia (also known as an abnormal heart rhythm). Historically, CS research has primarily focused on ischemia, since ischemic injury causes over 80% of CS cases.

Using the CDC's WONDER database (1999–2020), researchers stratified AMI, HF, and arrhythmia data to evaluate CS mortality trends in adults aged 25 and above. Clinicians calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 patients, annual percentage changes (APC), and average annual percentage changes (AAPC) using Join Point regression analysis.

The study found that deaths from heart attack-related CS declined from 1990 to 2020 (AAPC -1.95), with females experiencing a significantly greater reduction compared to males (AAPC –2.72 vs. -1.72). Conversely, CS deaths stemming from HF increased overall (AAPC +5.12), with a 25% greater growth in males versus females (AAPC +5.71 vs. +4.56). Arrhythmia-related deaths also rose significantly from 1999 to 2020 (AAPC +4.45), with men having a 26.7% greater increase compared to females (AAPC +4.93 vs. +3.89). From 2010 to 2020, CS deaths related to heart attack stabilized, while HF and arrhythmia-related deaths spiked dramatically (APC +14.30, +12.33). 

“Despite a steady decline in heart attack-related CS deaths, non-ischemic CS mortality has risen sharply in the United States in the last 15 years, which should be cause for concern,” said Yasitha Kakarlapudi, MD, DHR Health in Edinburg, Texas. “While our results suggest health systems have successfully improved care for ischemic CS, non-ischemic CS remains an under-recognized public health challenge. Policy initiatives supporting regional shock systems, improved access to advanced mechanical support, and targeted trials for non-ischemic cardiogenic shock are urgently needed.”

Session Details:

• Etiology-Specific Mortality Trends in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock in U.S. Adults (1999–2020)
  • Friday, April 24; 5:15-6:00 PM ET
  • Palais des Congrès de Montréal, SCAI Central, 517abcd

Media Contact

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About SCAI 2026 Scientific Sessions

The SCAI Scientific Sessions annual meeting convenes nearly 2,000 of the world’s premier clinicians, scientists, researchers, and innovators in the field of interventional cardiology and endovascular medicine. With 500+ faculty and hundreds of abstracts, experts in the field work together to share the latest clinical data, procedural guidance, and advanced expertise. Highlights include live cases, featured clinical research, new SCAI clinical documents, case-based learning, and keynote speakers. For more information, visit SCAI 2026 Scientific Sessions & CAIC-ACCI Summit.

About the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 

The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions, established in 1978, stands as the primary nonprofit medical society dedicated to representing invasive and interventional cardiology. SCAI's mission is to guide the global interventional cardiovascular community by fostering education, advocacy, research, and upholding standards for quality patient care. For more than 40 years, SCAI has exemplified professional excellence and innovation worldwide, cultivating a reputable community of over 5,000 members committed to advancing medical science and providing life-saving care for individuals, both adults and children, affected by cardiovascular disease.  For more information, visit www.scai.org.

About Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology/Association Canadienne de cardiologie d’intervention (CAIC-ACCI)

The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology / Association Canadienne de cardiologie d’intervention (CAIC-ACCI) is a national body representing 307 interventional cardiologists across Canada. Dedicated to advancing excellence in cardiovascular care, CAIC-ACCI plays a central role in supporting its members through high-quality educational events, fostering professional growth, and promoting innovation in clinical practice. The organization is also deeply committed to the training and development of interventional cardiology Fellows, helping to shape the next generation of specialists. For more information, visit www.caic-acci.org.